Oscar winner confirms that after 23 years sober, he completed a 10-day stay at a detox facility for substance abuse.
By Jocelyn Vena
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1708271/philip-seymour-hoffman-rehab-heroin-abuse.jhtml
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? The former top U.S. commander in Afghanistan called on the White House Friday to announce how many troops it intends to leave in that country after 2014.
Retired Gen. John Allen said Afghans need certainty on how many U.S. troops will stay behind after the majority complete their withdrawal by Dec. 31, 2014, before they will choose to side with the Afghan government or the Taliban.
"In the absence of clarity about the future, you'll do what you know," he said. "If...taking no position...has kept you alive," Afghans will continue to hedge their bets, he said.
Allen was speaking as the Center for a New American Security, a Washington-based think tank, released a report by him, former top U.S. defense official Michele Flournoy and The Brookings Institution's defense expert Michael O'Hanlon.
The report warns the United States and its allies could risk losing any achievements if the drawdown ahead of the December 2014 deadline is accelerated or if the international community skimps on continuing aid to the country after 2014.
All three authors urged the Obama administration to announce troop numbers
"I'd like to see it soon," Allen said. "What the president has said to the Afghans is we will not abandon you," Allen said. "What is missing right now...are the specifics associated with that." Allen had recommended a post-2014 U.S. force of 13,600, he said, supported by additional NATO troops. Officials have said they are considering a range of between 8,000 and 12,000 troops.
White House spokeswoman Laura Lucas said "the president is still reviewing options from his national security team and has not made a decision about the size of a possible U.S. presence after 2014."
Allen retired, citing his wife's health, and declined to be considered for the post of NATO supreme commander. He was cleared of wrongdoing after he was caught up tangentially in the scandal that forced the retirement of former CIA Director David Petraeus, who was discovered to have had an affair with his biographer. Allen now advises Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel on Middle East peace talks.
Flournoy, now back at the think tank that she helped found, is a former Defense Department undersecretary. She said she believed President Barack Obama would be making the troop announcement soon.
"The internal discussions are making progress, and I think the administration understands the importance of clarifying these details," she said.
Allen also said that knowing the post-2014 troop number would help silence Taliban claims that all U.S. troops are leaving.
"Ultimately the announcement of the decision...makes it more difficult for the Taliban leadership to justify continued struggle," Allen said.
Allen said Pakistan would be more likely to help Afghanistan reconcile with the Taliban leadership that takes shelter in Pakistan's tribal areas, if it knew the size of the U.S. force that would stay on.
Allen and his co-authors acknowledge the U.S. campaign, and the surge of U.S. troops at the start of Obama's first term, did not bring the stability originally hoped for.
"Corruption in Kabul has remained very serious, Pakistan's cooperation with the war effort has been fickle and the enemy has proved quite resilient," the report said.
O'Hanlon added that Afghans need to be told in a nonconfrontational way that if Congress or the international community believes the elections to come in 2014 are corrupt, they won't be willing to keep donating so much money to the country.
The authors acknowledged that the goals Washington originally set for Afghanistan have shrunk from the hoped-for economic and political stability to keeping al-Qaida from using the poor nation as a safe haven.
"While the surge has not achieved everything originally envisioned, the United States can still likely...work with partners to degrade the Taliban-led insurgency and create a strong enough Afghan state to hold the country intact," the report said.
The authors note that in visits to the country, they learned the intelligence community has a bleaker view of the Afghan future than some of the military assessments.
"It was healthy that they acknowledged uncertainty and disagreement rather than trying to impose happy talk or optimistic assessments throughout the military command and intelligence agencies," the report said.
___
Follow Dozier on Twitter at http://twitter.com/kimberlydozier .
___
Online:
http://www.cnas.org/towardasuccessfuloutcomeinAfghanistan
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ex-general-wants-post-2014-troop-levels-announced-180624024.html
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For decades, the question of what happened to the fearless American pilot Amelia Earhart has been an enticing puzzle for history buffs, but a grainy sonar image of possible plane wreckage could be key in answering the nearly 76-year-old mystery.
Possible theories for the heroine's demise include a devastating crash into the Pacific, as well as capture and execution by the Japanese, according to PBS. However, researchers working with The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) believe they have found evidence that Earhart landed on a remote reef, after which her plane washed into the ocean and sank, according to the group's website.
TIGHAR-funded sonar imaging has revealed a 22-foot long object that represents a true "anomaly" in the group's data, Ric Gillespie, executive director of TIGHAR, told Discovery News. The piece, possibly wreckage from Earhart's Lockheed Electra, is located 600 feet beneath the Pacific Ocean and just west of the remote Nikumaroro Island.
The object came to light during a forensic analysis of data collected during a $2.2 million TIGHAR expedition last July. That trip marked the group's 10th Earhart fact-finding mission, according to ABC News.
The 39-year-old Earhart disappeared without a trace on July 2, 1937, while attempting to become the first woman to fly around the world, with only a navigator as company. Earhart lost radio contact during the journey's most difficult leg, as they headed from Lae, New Guinea, to Howland Island in the Pacific, Time notes.
Past expeditions by TIGHAR have turned up other intriguing, albeit inconclusive, clues, including what appears to be a jar of 30s-era freckle cream found on Nikumaroro, ABC points out.
The jar, along with an American-made woman's compact, buttons and the zipper from a flight jacket, lend credence to TIGHAR's theory that Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, did not die immediately but were able to make an emergency landing on the uninhabited island's reef.
But the case is far from solved, TIGHAR notes on its website.
"The better a piece of evidence looks, the harder you have to try to disqualify it," TIGHAR writes. "So far, the harder we?ve looked at this anomaly, the better it looks. ... Maybe it?s pure coincidence that it?s the right size and shape to be the Electra wreckage ? the Electra that so much other evidence suggests should be in that location."
The next step is to raise more money and return for an 11th expedition. However, as a nonprofit, TIGHAR will have to raise the funds for the trip themselves.
"We currently project that it will take nearly $3,000,000 to put together an expedition that can do what needs to be done," Gillespie told Discovery. "It's a lot of money, but it's a small price to pay for finding Amelia."
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/30/amelia-earhart-plane-found-sonar_n_3360141.html
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What may be the earliest creature yet discovered on the evolutionary line to birds has been unearthed in China.
The fossil animal, which retains impressions of feathers, is dated to be about 160 million years old.
Scientists have given it the name Aurornis, which means "dawn bird".
The significance of the find, they tell Nature magazine, is that it helps simplify not only our understanding for how birds emerged from dinosaurs but also for how powered flight originated.
Aurornis xui, to give it its full name, is preserved in a shale slab pulled from the famous fossil beds of Liaoning Province.
About 50cm tail to beak, the animal has very primitive skeletal features that put it right at the base of the avialans - the group that includes birds and their close relatives since the divergence from dinosaurs.
Pascal Godefroit from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences is the lead author on the paper that describes Aurornis.
His Nature publication also reports details of an across-the-board re-analysis of how the many bird-like creatures living in Jurassic and Cretaceous times were related to each other.
This was done by comparing the detail in the shape of their bones.
The major consequence of this phylogenetic re-assessment is that it restores one of the most famous fossils ever found to the bird line.
Archaeopteryx, dubbed "the first true bird" when first identified in the 19th Century, was shunted recently into a pool of non-avian but bird-looking dinosaurs as a result of the many exquisite feathered creatures emerging in Liaoning. The skeletal features seen in these new specimens had appeared to make Archaeopteryx less pivotal.
However, this demotion caused some consternation because Archaeopteryx, which lived roughly 150 million years ago, could clearly fly; and by re-classifying the animal it had implied also that powered flight must have evolved at least twice - once on the real line to birds and again in this parallel pool of dinosaurs that merely shared some bird features.
But the re-analysis conducted following the discovery of Aurornis has once again simplified the picture.
"Previous phylogenetic investigations were based on maybe only 200 morphological characteristics. Here, we recognise almost 1,500 characteristics," explained Dr Godefroit.
"So it's a much bigger and more robust analysis, and according to this new investigation Archaeopteryx is again considered an ancestor of birds and the new creature we describe is also a basal bird; and in fact it is even more primitive than Archaeopteryx," he told BBC News.
As well as placing Archaeopteryx at one of the earliest points of divergence within the avialans, the study also re-shuffles the Troodontidae, a family of bird-like dinosaurs. Dr Godefroit and colleagues now consider these to be a sister group of the avialans.
"What we're arguing over here is actually very small, esoteric features of the anatomy," commented Dr Paul Barrett from the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
"We're looking at a nexus of animals around bird origins - birds themselves and a bunch of dinosaurs that are almost, but not quite, birds.
"There is a really grey, wobbly line between the two. Just one or two changes across a huge body of data can make the difference between an animal being on one side of this bird-dinosaur divide or the other.
Dr Barrett said the fossils now being unearthed were providing fascinating insights into the emergence of the bird line and the evolutionary "experimentation" that preceded it: "The beginnings of the bird line is all about fine-tuning parts of their anatomy - of their wings, of their hips, of their chest muscles and shoulder girdles, and so on - to make them flight-ready," he told BBC News.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22695914#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa
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By Arshad Mohammed
DEAD SEA, Jordan (Reuters) - Secretary of State John Kerry sketched out a plan on Sunday to spur Palestinian growth with up to $4 billion in private investment, but did not say where the money would come from.
Kerry drew a picture of prosperity in the West Bank that could spread to Israel and Jordan, while acknowledging it would not fully materialize without movement toward peace between Israel and the Palestinians.
Despite deep skepticism in the region, Kerry is trying to revive negotiations after a gap of more than two years and has said both sides must decide soon whether they are ready to make compromises for peace.
While stressing his vision of an economic renaissance was not a substitute for negotiations, the U.S. diplomat appeared to hold out the prospect of rising growth, wages and employment as a way to build trust and provide an incentive to make peace.
"Is this a fantasy? I don't think so, because there are already great examples of investment and entrepreneurship that are working in the West Bank," he said at a World Economic Forum on the Middle East and North Africa session with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli President Shimon Peres.
But Kerry did not identify specific companies with plans to set up shop in the West Bank or how he hoped to remove obstacles to Palestinian commerce.
"DIPLOMATIC QUICKSAND"
Kerry said a group working under former British Prime Minister Tony Blair is seeking to identify opportunities in tourism, construction, energy, agriculture and high-tech industries in the Palestinian territories, Kerry said.
Their preliminary studies suggest that Palestinian gross national product could rise by as much as 50 percent over three years, with unemployment falling by nearly two thirds to eight percent and wages rising up to 40 percent.
On April 9, Kerry had said he would unveil the initiative in mid-April, saying he, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Abbas had agreed to undertake "new efforts, very specific efforts" to promote economic development and to remove "bottlenecks and barriers" to commerce in the West Bank.
The U.S. secretary of state did not provide details on easing such obstacles. Among the main impediments are Israeli restrictions on the movement and access of Palestinians as they seek to travel among their communities on the West Bank, according to a September 2012 United Nations report.
Among the main issues to be solved to end the conflict are borders, the fate of Palestinian refugees, the future of Jewish settlements on the West Bank and the status of Jerusalem.
Kerry acknowledged the deep doubts among Palestinians and Israelis that peace is possible.
"I have heard all the arguments against working for Middle East peace. It is famously reputed to be diplomatic quicksand," he said. "There is huge cynicism about this journey ... but cynicism has never built anything, certainly not a state."
At one point, he directly challenged the Palestinian and Israeli leaders, saying he hoped Netanyahu and Abbas "don't allow this conflict to outlast their administrations.
"Negotiations can't succeed if you don't negotiate."
He began his speech on a lighter note.
"I have an agreement right here if you want to sign it," Kerry joked with Abbas and Peres, who were both in the audience. "We'll get there. We'll get there."
(Additional reporting by Maayan Lubell in Jerusalem; Reporting by Arshad Mohammed; editing by Mike Collett-White)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/kerry-backs-private-west-bank-economic-plan-little-210726035.html
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In this undated photo provided by the Dagestani branch of the Federal Security Service William Plotnikov, right, poses for a photo. Security officials suspected ties between elder Boston bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev and the Canadian, an ethnic Russian named William Plotnikov, who had joined the Islamic insurgency in the region. Russian agents placed the elder Boston bombing suspect under surveillance during a six-month visit to southern Russia last year, then scrambled to find him when he suddenly disappeared after police killed a Canadian jihadist, a security official told The Associated Press. (AP Photo/Dagestani branch of the Federal Security Service via NewsTeam)
In this undated photo provided by the Dagestani branch of the Federal Security Service William Plotnikov, right, poses for a photo. Security officials suspected ties between elder Boston bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev and the Canadian, an ethnic Russian named William Plotnikov, who had joined the Islamic insurgency in the region. Russian agents placed the elder Boston bombing suspect under surveillance during a six-month visit to southern Russia last year, then scrambled to find him when he suddenly disappeared after police killed a Canadian jihadist, a security official told The Associated Press. (AP Photo/Dagestani branch of the Federal Security Service via NewsTeam)
EDS NOTE: GRAPHIC CONTENT In this undated photo provided by the Dagestani branch of the Federal Security Service, the body of William Plotnikov, killed in a standoff with police in Dagestan. Security officials suspected ties between elder Boston bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev and the Canadian, an ethnic Russian named William Plotnikov, who had joined the Islamic insurgency in the region. Russian agents placed Tsarnaev under surveillance during a six-month visit to southern Russia last year, then scrambled to find him when he suddenly disappeared after police killed a Canadian jihadist, a security official told The Associated Press. (AP Photo/Dagestani branch of the Federal Security Service via NewsTeam)
MAKHACHKALA, Russia (AP) ? Russian agents placed the elder Boston bombing suspect under surveillance during a six-month visit to southern Russia last year, then scrambled to find him when he suddenly disappeared after police killed a Canadian jihadist, a security official told The Associated Press.
U.S. law enforcement officials have been trying to determine whether Tamerlan Tsarnaev was indoctrinated or trained by militants during his visit to Dagestan, a Caspian Sea province that has become the center of a simmering Islamic insurgency.
The security official with the Anti-Extremism Center, a federal agency under Russia's Interior Ministry, confirmed the Russians shared their concerns. He told the AP that Russian agents were watching Tsarnaev, and that they searched for him when he disappeared two days after the July 2012 death of the Canadian man, who had joined the Islamic insurgency in the region. The official spoke only on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the news media.
Security officials suspected ties between Tsarnaev and the Canadian ? an ethnic Russian named William Plotnikov ? according to the Novaya Gazeta newspaper, which is known for its independence and investigative reporting and cited an unnamed official with the Anti-Extremism Center, which tracks militants. The newspaper said the men had social networking ties that brought Tsarnaev to the attention of Russian security services for the first time in late 2010.
It certainly wouldn't be surprising if the men had met. Both were amateur boxers of roughly the same age whose families had moved from Russia to North America when they were teenagers. In recent years, both had turned to Islam and expressed radical beliefs. And both had traveled to Dagestan, a republic of some 3 million people.
The AP could not independently confirm whether the two men had communicated on social networks or crossed paths either in Dagestan or in Toronto, where Plotnikov had lived with his parents and where Tsarnaev had an aunt.
After Plotnikov was killed, Tsarnaev left suddenly for the U.S., not waiting to pick up his new Russian passport ? ostensibly one of his main reasons for coming to Russia. The official said his sudden departure was considered suspicious.
Plotnikov's father told the Canadian network CBCNews on Monday that his son had broken off contact when he returned to Russia in 2010 and he had no way of knowing whether his son knew Tsarnaev.
In an August interview with the Canadian newspaper National Post, Vitaly Plotnikov said his son, who was 23 when he died, had converted to Islam in 2009 and quickly became radicalized. But he said he fully understood what his son was up to in Russia only when he received photographs and videos after his death.
In one photo, a smiling William Plotnikov is shown posing in the woods, an automatic rifle slung over his shoulder and a camouflage ammunition belt around his waist. In the videos, which the National Post reporter watched with the father, the younger Plotnikov talked openly of planning to kill in the name of Allah.
Plotnikov had been detained in Dagestan in December 2010 on suspicion of having ties to the militants and during his interrogation was forced to hand over a list of social networking friends from the United States and Canada who like him had once lived in Russia, Novaya Gazeta reported.
The newspaper said Tsarnaev's name was on that list, bringing him for the first time to the attention of Russia's secret services.
Novaya Gazeta, which is part-owned by former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and wealthy businessman Alexander Lebedev, has regularly criticized the Kremlin. One of its best known reporters, Anna Politkovskaya, angered the Kremlin with her reporting from Chechnya, and her 2006 murder in a Moscow elevator was widely presumed to have been in connection with her journalistic work.
The Islamic insurgency in Dagestan grew out of the fierce fighting between Russian troops and separatists in neighboring Chechnya that raged in the 1990s. Attacks now are carried out almost daily in Dagestan against police and security forces, who respond with special operations of their own to wipe out the militants.
As recently as Sunday, two suspected militants were killed in a shootout after being cornered in a house in the Dagestani village of Chontaul, according to police spokeswoman Fatina Ubaidatova.
Plotnikov was among seven suspected militants killed on July 14 during a standoff with police in the Dagestani village of Utamysh, according to the official police record.
After Plotnikov's death, Russian security agents lost track of Tsarnaev and went to see his father in Makhachkala, the capital of Dagestan, who told them that his son had returned to the U.S., Novaya Gazeta said.
The agents did not believe the father, since Tsarnaev had left without picking up his new Russian passport, and they continued to search for him, the newspaper reported.
The Russians later determined that Tsarnaev had flown to Moscow on July 16 and to the United States the following day, the newspaper said. Tsarnaev arrived in New York on July 17.
Russian migration officials have said they were puzzled that Tsarnaev applied for the passport but left before it was ready.
His father, Anzhor Tsarnaev, said last week that his elder son stayed with him while waiting for the passport to be processed. He could not be reached Tuesday for comment on the Novaya Gazeta report.
The Tsarnaev family had lived briefly in Dagestan before moving to the United States a decade ago. Both parents returned to Dagestan last year.
The official with Russia's Anti-Extremism Center said Tsarnaev was filmed attending a mosque in Makhachkala whose worshippers adhere to a more radical strain of Islam. The official would give no further details about what the Russian security services knew about Tsarnaev's activities in Dagestan or about any possible connection to Plotnikov.
The AP was unable to determine whether the official was the same one who provided the information to Novaya Gazeta.
Plotnikov had settled in Utamysh, a small village about 70 kilometers (40 miles) from Makhachkala. It was not known whether he had spent any significant amount of time in Dagestan's capital.
Novaya Gazeta said Tsarnaev was also seen in the company of Mahmud Nidal ? a man who was both Palestinian and Kumyk, one of the dozens of ethnic groups living in Dagestan ? and who was believed to have ties to Islamic militants in the southern Russian region.
Nidal was killed in May 2012 after refusing to give himself up to security forces that had surrounded a house in Makhachkala, according to official police records.
Shortly after Plotnikov identified Tsarnaev during his December 2010 interrogation, the Russian secret services, the FSB, studied Tsarnaev's pages on social networking sites and asked the FBI for more information, the Russian newspaper said.
The FBI has acknowledged receiving the request. The U.S. agency said it opened an investigation, but when no evidence of terrorism was found and no further information from the Russians was forthcoming, the case was closed in June 2011.
___
Berry reported from Moscow.
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HSBC Bermuda is introducing a new security device to give Personal Internet Banking customers an extra layer of protection from fraudsters. The security device creates a unique security code every time the customer logs in to Personal Internet Banking.
If you received a letter from HSBC Bermuda notifying you that a security device is coming, you will receive it in the mail sometime over the next few months. The devices will be mailed in alphabetical order and once received, customers will have 30 days to activate the device and avoid interruption to online banking.
Customers travelling for extended periods of time are welcome to come into the Harbourview or Church Street branch and collect a security device. Customers that haven?t received their device will still be able to log on to Personal Internet Banking per their usual process.
Activation can be completed in a few steps once you logon to Personal Internet Banking.
Miguel Do Couto, Head of Direct and Contact Centres stated, ?Any change to the way customers access their accounts is going to take a while to get used to, but this small extra step delivers quite an increase in security for our customers.
?The security device works by having one piece of information that remains the same, such as your user name, and one that constantly changes, your unique security code. The code is not in sequence, so it can?t be guessed, and the number expires after 30 seconds so it can?t be saved and used at a later date.
?The security device is not linked to the client until received and activated, so mailed devices do not create a security risk. Should you need access to your accounts and do not have your security device with you, you can still log onto your account with your existing logon details and perform some day-to-day transactions such as checking your balance or paying bills.?
Customers seeking assistance with activating or using their new HSBC Security Device are welcome to stop by HSBC Bermuda Harbourview Centre and Church Street banking branches between 11:00 am and 2:30 pm for personal assistance.
Category: All, Business, News
Source: http://bernews.com/2013/04/hsbc-introduce-new-security-for-online-banking/
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? President Barack Obama is signaling that he would consider U.S. military action against Syria if his administration obtains "hard, effective evidence" of chemical weapons use by the Assad government.
But Obama made clear he would prefer to have the backing of the international community before escalating American involvement in the Syria's fierce civil war.
In a White House news conference Tuesday, Obama appealed for patience, saying he still needs more conclusive evidence about how and when chemical weapons detected by U.S. intelligence agencies were used. But if those questions get answered, Obama says he would consider options the Pentagon and intelligence community have readied for him in the event Syria crossed his chemical weapons "red line."
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-hints-possible-military-action-syria-205444077.html
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BOSTON (AP) ? Businessman and former Navy SEAL Gabriel Gomez on Tuesday won the Republican nomination to run in the state's special election for the U.S. Senate seat previously held by John Kerry.
Unofficial returns showed Gomez defeating former U.S. Attorney Michael Sullivan and state Rep. Daniel Winslow.
In the June 25 special election, Gomez will face the winner of the Democratic primary between U.S. Reps. Stephen Lynch and Edward Markey. Results from that contest hadn't been tallied yet when Gomez won.
Gomez is a newcomer to politics. He's the son of Colombian immigrants and learned English in kindergarten. He became a Navy pilot and SEAL, earned an MBA at Harvard and launched a private equity career.
Kerry resigned from the Senate to become U.S. secretary of state.
The special election will be the state's second for the U.S. Senate in four years. Turnout was light for the primary, which was overshadowed by the deadly Boston Marathon bombing.
Even before the April 15 bombing, the campaign had failed to capture the attention of voters compared with the 2010 special election following the death of longtime Democratic Sen. Edward Kennedy. Former Republican Sen. Scott Brown won the seat, surprising Democrats, but was ousted last year in another high-profile race by Democratic challenger Elizabeth Warren.
A win would help Senate Democrats maintain a caucus edge of 55-45 as they press forward on major issues including immigration and gun control.
The Boston Marathon bombing, which killed three people and injured hundreds forced the candidates to temporarily suspend their campaigns. The bombing also brought national security and terrorism issues to the fore in a race that was expected to turn on questions of the economy, gun control, taxes, immigration and abortion.
In the Democratic primary, Markey staked out more liberal positions against Lynch, a former ironworker who tried to appeal to the party's working- and middle-class base.
Lynch had to explain why he was the only member of the state's House delegation to vote against President Barack Obama's 2010 health care law, while Markey, who won his first elected office while in law school, fended off efforts to portray him as a Washington insider.
Markey was better-funded, having raised $4.8 million through the end of the last reporting period, compared with $1.5 million for Lynch. He also benefited from outside spending. Of the more than $2.2 million spent by outside groups, nearly 84 percent went to Markey, an Associated Press review of Federal Election Commission reports found.
On the GOP side, Gomez tried to portray himself as the new face of the Republican Party. The son of Colombian immigrants, he learned English in kindergarten, then went on to become a Navy pilot and SEAL, earn an MBA at Harvard and launch a private equity career.
Sullivan pointed to his national security resume, which includes helping investigate the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks and the failed attempt to blow up an airliner using shoe bombs.
Winslow said he was the only candidate with experience in all three branches of the government. After 12 years as a private attorney, he was appointed to a judgeship on the state's district court in 1995. He served eight years and left to join former Gov. Mitt Romney's administration as chief legal counsel.
An independent candidate, Richard Heos, of Woburn, will be on the ballot with the Democratic and Republican primary winners.
Democratic Gov. Deval Patrick named his former chief of staff, William "Mo" Cowan, to fill Kerry's seat on an interim basis until after the special election.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ex-seal-gomez-wins-gop-us-senate-primary-005717074.html
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The ancestors of dinosaurs might have established themselves in present-day Tanzania and Zambia, suggest newly discovered fossils.
People stand near an 26-foot replica of a Tyrannosaurus rex standing between the 9th green and the 10th tee at the Sunshine Coast resort course in south Queensland, Australia, in 2012.
Dennis Passa/AP/File
EnlargeNewly discovered fossils from 10 million years after the world's largest known extinction indicate that dinosaurs' ancestors might have taken hold in present-day Tanzania and Zambia, millions of years before the dinosaurs roamed the Earth, and much earlier than dinosaur relatives are seen in the fossil record elsewhere.?
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Earlier studies, mostly based on fossil records from Russia and South Africa, led scientists to think that dinosaur predecessors failed to survive after a mass extinction some some?252 million years ago,?which killed off 90 percent of Earth's species.?
"The fossil record from the Karoo of South Africa, for example, is a good representation of four-legged land animals across southern Pangea before the extinction," said Christian Sidor, a paleontologist at the University of Washington, in a press release. "But after the event, animals weren?t as uniformly and widely distributed as before. We had to go looking in some fairly unorthodox places.?
Sidor authored a recent study on dinosaurs' origins, published in?the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Drawing upon fossils unearthed from Tanzania, Zambia, and Antarctica since 2003, and current fossil records, Sidor and his colleagues generated two profiles of animals living about five million years before and 10 million years after the mass extinction.
For example, Dicynodon, a four-legged creature with a body resembling that of a fat lizard and a head resembling a turtle's, dominated the southern region of supercontinent Pangea before the extinction event, an area that comprises present-day Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and India.
After the mass extinction at the end of the Permian period, populations of Dicynodon, along with many other herbivores, decreased dramatically.
The changing climate allowed new creatures to emerge and thrive. Archosaurs were a?group of plant-eating reptiles whose living relatives are birds and crocodilians. In its news release, the National Science Foundation, one of the study's two sponsors, said scientists are interested in archosaurs?because they were believed to be the predecessors of dinosaur-related animals such as Asilisaurus, a dinosaur-like animal, and Nyasasaurus parringtoni, a dog-sized creature with a five-foot tail that may be the earliest dinosaur.
"Early archosaurs being found mainly in Tanzania is an example of how fragmented communities became after the extinction event,? Sidor said in the University of Washington press release.
These findings, according to the co-authors, suggested that "archosaur diversification was more intimately related to recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction than previously suspected.?
In an interview with?Discovery News,?co-author and geologist Sterling Nesbitt of the Field Museum of Natural History said "true dinosaurs first show up about 230 million years ago, from what is now Argentina. We think that dinosaurs first evolved in Gondwanaland ? including Africa, South America, India, Madagascar, Australia, Antarctica." ?
The study also revealed that before the extinction, 35 percent of four-legged species were found in two or more of the five areas studied, with some species' habitats stretching 1,600 miles (2,600 kilometers), encompassing the Tanzanian and South African basins.
Ten million years after the extinction, just seven percent of four-legged species were found in two or more regions, suggesting that?there was a geographical clustering of the animals.
"The expeditions by this team of researchers to little-explored Permian and Triassic aged depositional basins in Africa and Antarctica, which form part of the supercontinent Gondwana, has greatly enhanced our understanding of the distribution of land-living vertebrates that lived more than 200 million years ago,"?Bruce Rubidge, a dinosaur specialist at the University of Witwatersrand, told Discovery News.
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